一、氣力輸送裝置的型式常用的粉塵氣力輸送裝置有低壓吸入式(見(jiàn)圖5-34)和低壓壓送式(見(jiàn)圖5-35)兩種。氣力輸送其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單，因?yàn)閷?shí)際上它只有兩個(gè)類(lèi)別：如果輸送的材料懸浮在整個(gè)管道的空氣中，則該機(jī)制符合稀相輸送的定義，反之，如果以非懸掛模式以低速輸送，則系統(tǒng)屬于密相（濃相）輸送。那么真正選擇起來(lái)有這么容易嘛？??????事實(shí)并非如此簡(jiǎn)單，而且存在很多誤解和錯(cuò)誤選擇的空間。那么設(shè)備需求方如何做出明智的選擇呢？第一步是了解每種氣力輸送方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。 第二步是查看您自己特定的工藝規(guī)范，只有了解了這些您才能選到最適合您的氣力輸送。稀相氣力輸送：

　　1、 The commonly used types of dust pneumatic conveying devices include low-pressure suction type (see Figure 5-34) and low-pressure compression type (see Figure 5-35). Pneumatic conveying is actually very simple because it has only two categories: if the conveyed material is suspended in the air throughout the pipeline, then this mechanism meets the definition of dilute phase conveying; conversely, if it is conveyed at low speed in non suspended mode, then the system belongs to dense phase (dense phase) conveying. So is it really that easy to choose? The fact is not that simple, and there is a lot of room for misunderstanding and wrong choices. So how do device demanders make wise choices? The first step is to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each pneumatic conveying method. The second step is to review your specific process specifications, only by understanding these can you choose the most suitable pneumatic conveying for you. Dilute phase pneumatic conveying:

　　稀相氣力輸送工藝流程較簡(jiǎn)潔沒(méi)有過(guò)多的開(kāi)啟閥門(mén)，易損件很少，從電廠收塵器灰斗處接出落料管，接口處設(shè)蝶閥控制(起到關(guān)閉檢修作用)，落料管下方可建一座集料倉(cāng)，以確保稀相輸送泵內(nèi)腔有一定的壓力，倉(cāng)下接輸送泵，氣流通過(guò)羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)鼓入輸送泵主風(fēng)管再經(jīng)噴嘴高速進(jìn)入擴(kuò)散混合室，泵體內(nèi)流化的物料在物料的料壓和噴嘴的負(fù)壓共同作用下進(jìn)入擴(kuò)散混合室與氣流混合，被氣流攜帶沿管道輸送至灰?guī)?，倉(cāng)頂設(shè)收塵器。

　　The process flow of dilute phase pneumatic conveying is relatively simple without excessive opening of valves, and there are few vulnerable parts. A discharge pipe is connected from the ash hopper of the power plant dust collector, and a butterfly valve control is installed at the interface (to close and maintain). A collection bin can be built below the discharge pipe to ensure a certain pressure in the chamber of the dilute phase conveying pump. The bin is connected to the conveying pump, and the airflow is blown into the main air duct of the conveying pump through a Roots blower and then enters the diffusion mixing chamber at high speed through the nozzle. The fluidized material in the pump enters the diffusion mixing chamber and mixes with the airflow under the joint action of the material pressure and negative pressure of the nozzle, and is carried by the airflow along the pipeline to the ash silo. A dust collector is installed on the top of the bin. ????

　　稀相氣力輸送設(shè)備當(dāng)輸送氣流速度較高，灰氣比較低時(shí)，粉?；旧弦越咏诰鶆蚍植嫉臓顟B(tài)在輸送管氣流中懸浮輸送，對(duì)管道磨損小，在中短距離氣力輸送項(xiàng)目中使用稀相輸送更加經(jīng)濟(jì)。在10-30米短距離小輸送量氣力輸送項(xiàng)目中，可使用旋轉(zhuǎn)給料機(jī)接溜管擴(kuò)壓管輸送，麥克曼氣力輸送建議稀相氣力輸送一步到位，使用帶有氣化物料，能使物料和氣流混合，帶有噴嘴和擴(kuò)壓管的稀相氣力輸送泵，達(dá)到使用壽命長(zhǎng)、動(dòng)能轉(zhuǎn)換為壓力輸送不堵管運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)可靠，無(wú)揚(yáng)塵、符合環(huán)保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的效果。

　　When the conveying airflow velocity is high and the ash gas ratio is low, the powder particles are basically suspended and transported in a nearly uniform distribution state in the conveying pipe airflow, with less wear on the pipeline. It is more economical to use dilute phase conveying in medium and short distance pneumatic conveying projects. In the 10-30 meter short distance small conveying capacity pneumatic conveying project, a rotary feeder can be used to connect the chute and expand the pressure pipe for conveying. Meckman pneumatic conveying recommends a one-step dilute phase pneumatic conveying, using a dilute phase pneumatic conveying pump with gasification material, which can mix the material with the airflow, and equipped with a nozzle and expansion pipe. This achieves long service life, reliable operation without blocking the pipe when converting kinetic energy into pressure conveying, no dust, and meets environmental standards. ?????

　　稀相氣力輸送系統(tǒng)整體配置簡(jiǎn)約，主要設(shè)備有氣源羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)、低壓輸送泵、庫(kù)頂布袋除塵器，庫(kù)頂除塵器處理風(fēng)量相比濃相輸送終端除塵器要大的多，因稀相輸送用氣量較大，稀相氣力輸送泵自身不需動(dòng)力，輸送壓力低(0.02-0.O9MPa)，靠物料自身壓力加上氣流的噴吹輸送，實(shí)現(xiàn)不間斷連續(xù)輸送，系統(tǒng)輸送量能自動(dòng)平衡出力。稀相氣力輸送泵一般體積小，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，后期幾乎沒(méi)有什么維修量和磨損件，土建投資費(fèi)用低，輸送管線布置簡(jiǎn)捷、易安裝，輸送氣源選擇范圍大，可選用羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)、壓縮空氣、風(fēng)機(jī)等。

　　The overall configuration of the dilute phase pneumatic conveying system is simple, with the main equipment including a gas source Roots blower, a low-pressure conveying pump, and a bag filter on the top of the warehouse. The dust collector on the top of the warehouse has a much larger processing air volume compared to the terminal dust collector for dense phase conveying. Due to the large gas consumption of dilute phase conveying, the dilute phase pneumatic conveying pump does not require power and has a low conveying pressure (0.02-0.09MPa). It relies on the material's own pressure and the blowing of air flow to achieve uninterrupted continuous conveying, and the system's conveying capacity can automatically balance the output. Dilute phase pneumatic conveying pumps generally have small volume, simple structure, and almost no maintenance or wear parts in the later stage. The civil engineering investment cost is low, and the conveying pipeline layout is simple and easy to install. The selection range of conveying gas sources is wide, and Roots blowers, compressed air, fans, etc. can be used. ?

　　稀相氣力輸送系統(tǒng)參數(shù)范圍：?輸送能力：0-30t/h?風(fēng)量：3-150m3/min?壓力：0.02-0.9MPa?電機(jī)功率：3-350kW?輸送距離：20-300m

　　Parameters range of dilute phase pneumatic conveying system: conveying capacity: 0-30t/h, air volume: 3-150m3/min, pressure: 0.02-0.9MPa, motor power: 3-350kW, conveying distance: 20-300m

　　*稀相氣力輸送系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn)：?1、設(shè)備投資小，用一臺(tái)稀相輸送泵可替代二臺(tái)倉(cāng)泵，在除塵器落灰斗下部，可以一斗一泵，亦可兩斗兩斜管一泵，落灰斜管的斜度應(yīng)≥45°。

　　*Characteristics of dilute phase pneumatic conveying system: 1. Small equipment investment. One dilute phase conveying pump can replace two bin pumps. At the lower part of the dust collector's ash hopper, there can be one pump per hopper, or two pumps per hopper and two inclined pipes. The slope of the ash chute should be ≥ 45 °. ?

　　2、粉體輸送的用氣壓力為0.04MPa-0.1MPa，降低了供氣壓力，大風(fēng)量，不存在堵管現(xiàn)象。

　　2. The gas pressure for powder transportation is 0.04MPa-0.1MPa, which reduces the gas supply pressure, increases the air volume, and eliminates pipe blockage. ?

　　3、降低了維修費(fèi)用，稀相氣力輸送系統(tǒng)一次安裝調(diào)試投運(yùn)后，基本不用操作，幾乎沒(méi)有維護(hù)量，檢修工只須定期檢查即可。

　　3. Reduced maintenance costs, the dilute phase pneumatic conveying system can be installed, debugged, and put into operation in one go without much operation or maintenance. Maintenance workers only need to conduct regular inspections. ?

　　4、稀相氣力輸送系統(tǒng)控制只需“啟動(dòng)”和“停機(jī)”操作，不需要人工值守，只需巡視，工藝系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單，所配置的控制系統(tǒng)操作維護(hù)簡(jiǎn)單可靠。密相（濃相）氣力輸送：????正壓濃相氣力輸送系統(tǒng)在國(guó)內(nèi)燃煤電廠輸灰引入較早使用較多，其輸送壓力可達(dá)0.8MPa，輸送距離達(dá)1km以上，系統(tǒng)出力多在10-60t/h范圍，大輸送量可達(dá)200t/h，正壓濃相氣力輸送系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化程度高，微機(jī)控制，操作簡(jiǎn)單，反應(yīng)靈敏，處理功能齊全，兼有遠(yuǎn)程操作及手動(dòng)操作功能。對(duì)于中短距離氣力輸灰而言，濃相氣力輸送運(yùn)行維護(hù)成本費(fèi)用高，一個(gè)進(jìn)料閥價(jià)格幾乎能換一臺(tái)稀相輸送泵，對(duì)于低于300米的輸送距離不建議使用濃相輸送系統(tǒng)。

　　4. The control of the dilute phase pneumatic conveying system only requires "start" and "stop" operations, without the need for manual supervision, only inspection. The process system is simple, and the configured control system is easy to operate and maintain reliably. Dense phase (dense phase) pneumatic conveying: The positive pressure dense phase pneumatic conveying system was introduced early and widely used in coal-fired power plants in China. Its conveying pressure can reach 0.8 MPa, conveying distance can reach more than 1 km, system output is mostly in the range of 10-60 t/h, and the large conveying capacity can reach 200 t/h. The positive pressure dense phase pneumatic conveying system has a high degree of automation, microcomputer control, simple operation, sensitive response, complete processing functions, and both remote and manual operation functions. For medium to short distance pneumatic ash conveying, the operation and maintenance costs of dense phase pneumatic conveying are high, and the price of one feed valve can almost replace one dilute phase conveying pump. For conveying distances below 300 meters, it is not recommended to use dense phase conveying systems. ?

　　濃相氣力輸送的過(guò)程進(jìn)料閥、排氣閥、進(jìn)氣閥、出料閥要相互作用配合，對(duì)閥門(mén)磨損比較大。系統(tǒng)處于進(jìn)料狀態(tài)，這時(shí)進(jìn)料閥、排氣閥打開(kāi)，進(jìn)氣閥、出料閥關(guān)閉，物料在重力作用下落入密相泵內(nèi);當(dāng)1個(gè)或多個(gè)泵內(nèi)料位計(jì)被覆蓋，或達(dá)到設(shè)定落料時(shí)間時(shí)，進(jìn)料閥、排氣閥關(guān)閉;在進(jìn)料閥、排氣閥關(guān)閉并且充氣密封結(jié)束后，進(jìn)氣閥、出料閥打開(kāi)，物料進(jìn)入管道開(kāi)始輸送。

　　The process of dense phase pneumatic conveying requires the interaction and coordination of the feed valve, exhaust valve, intake valve, and discharge valve, which can cause significant valve wear. The system is in the feeding state, at which point the feeding valve and exhaust valve are open, the inlet valve and discharge valve are closed, and the material falls into the dense phase pump under the action of gravity; When one or more level gauges in the pump are covered or the set discharge time is reached, the feed valve and exhaust valve are closed; After the inlet valve and exhaust valve are closed and the inflation seal is completed, the inlet valve and outlet valve are opened, and the material enters the pipeline for transportation. ?

　　濃相氣力輸送設(shè)備是通過(guò)下引式發(fā)送器的動(dòng)力源為壓縮空氣，輸送物料為粉粒狀物料，輸送風(fēng)量和風(fēng)壓可根據(jù)運(yùn)行工況進(jìn)行調(diào)整。

　　The dense phase pneumatic conveying equipment uses compressed air as the power source through a down type transmitter to transport granular materials. The conveying air volume and pressure can be adjusted according to the operating conditions. ?

　　濃相氣力輸送優(yōu)點(diǎn)：

　　Advantages of dense phase pneumatic conveying:

　　1、單管出力大，輸送灰氣比高輸灰管長(zhǎng)度在200米內(nèi)可達(dá)40-50以上，空氣消耗量為正壓稀相系統(tǒng)的1/3，輸送量大壓力大對(duì)管道磨損也較大。

　　1. Single tube output is high, with a high ash to gas ratio. The length of the ash conveying pipe can reach 40-50 or more within 200 meters, and the air consumption is one-third of that of a positive pressure dilute phase system. The high conveying capacity and pressure also cause significant pipeline wear. ?

　　2、輸送管道少，由于系統(tǒng)實(shí)行串連輸送，幾個(gè)發(fā)送器作為1個(gè)輸送單元，合用1根輸送管道，支管數(shù)量少。

　　2. There are few conveying pipelines. Due to the system's implementation of serial conveying, several transmitters are used as one conveying unit and share one conveying pipeline, resulting in fewer branch pipes. ?

　　3、由于采用栓流式輸送，其輸送混合比高，耗氣量少，能耗低。

　　3. Due to the use of plug flow conveying, the conveying mixing ratio is high, the air consumption is low, and the energy consumption is low. ?

　　4、系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化程度高，微機(jī)控制，運(yùn)行狀況動(dòng)態(tài)顯示、故障報(bào)警，反應(yīng)靈敏，處理功能齊全，設(shè)有遠(yuǎn)操及手動(dòng)功能，操作管理靈活方便、可靠。?隨著我國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施和環(huán)境保護(hù)、粉煤灰綜合利用的發(fā)展，火力發(fā)電廠氣力除灰技術(shù)得到迅速發(fā)展和應(yīng)用。國(guó)內(nèi)投產(chǎn)的氣力除灰系統(tǒng)有：正壓氣力除灰系統(tǒng)、低正壓氣力除灰系統(tǒng)、空氣輸送槽等。現(xiàn)階段運(yùn)行的電廠大多使用以倉(cāng)泵為代表的濃相型氣力輸送系統(tǒng)，輸灰系統(tǒng)設(shè)備包括倉(cāng)泵、進(jìn)料閥、排氣閥、出料閥等，另包括復(fù)雜的PLC控制系統(tǒng)，運(yùn)行工藝流程復(fù)雜費(fèi)用高，現(xiàn)大多已逐步改造為稀相氣力輸送。

　　4. The system has a high degree of automation, microcomputer control, dynamic display of operating status, fault alarm, sensitive response, complete processing functions, and is equipped with remote and manual functions. The operation and management are flexible, convenient, and reliable. With the implementation of China's sustainable development strategy and the development of environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of fly ash, the pneumatic ash removal technology for thermal power plants has been rapidly developed and applied. The domestically produced pneumatic ash removal systems include: positive pressure pneumatic ash removal system, low positive pressure pneumatic ash removal system, air conveying tank, etc. At present, most power plants in operation use dense phase pneumatic conveying systems represented by bin pumps. The ash conveying system equipment includes bin pumps, feed valves, exhaust valves, discharge valves, etc., as well as complex PLC control systems. The operating process is complex and costly, and most of them have gradually been transformed into dilute phase pneumatic conveying. ?

　　濃相型氣力輸送系統(tǒng)存在的主要問(wèn)題

　　The main problems of dense phase pneumatic conveying system

　　1、空壓機(jī)保養(yǎng)與運(yùn)行成本費(fèi)用高。以一臺(tái)110kW空壓機(jī)運(yùn)行為例，年保養(yǎng)與運(yùn)行費(fèi)用可達(dá)到45萬(wàn)元，同時(shí)壓縮空氣易帶水、帶油，影響輸送效果。

　　1. The maintenance and operation costs of air compressors are high. Taking the operation of a 110kW air compressor as an example, the annual maintenance and operating costs can reach 450000 yuan. At the same time, compressed air is prone to carrying water and oil, which affects the conveying effect.

　　2、出料閥、進(jìn)料閥、排氣閥等部件故障率高，易出現(xiàn)閥芯磨損或關(guān)閉不嚴(yán)密現(xiàn)象。

　　2. The failure rate of components such as discharge valves, feed valves, and exhaust valves is high, and it is easy to experience valve core wear or loose closure.

　　3、倉(cāng)泵采用料位及時(shí)間自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行物料的輸送控制，控制臺(tái)接線復(fù)雜，輸灰系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障需涉及電氣、熱工、除灰檢修三大部門(mén)多個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)人員到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)查找原因排除故障。

　　3. The warehouse pump adopts a material level and time automatic control system for material conveying control. The console wiring is complex, and if there is a malfunction in the ash conveying system, multiple professionals from the electrical, thermal, and ash removal maintenance departments need to go to the site to find the cause and eliminate the fault.

　　本文由  氣力輸送系統(tǒng) 友情奉獻(xiàn).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊  http://www.baihengnewenergy.com/   真誠(chéng)的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)我們將會(huì)陸續(xù)向大家奉獻(xiàn).敬請(qǐng)期待.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from the pneumatic conveying system For more related knowledge, please click http://www.baihengnewenergy.com/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.

　　一、氣力輸送裝置的型式常用的粉塵氣力輸送裝置有低壓吸入式(見(jiàn)圖5-34)和低壓壓送式(見(jiàn)圖5-35)兩種。氣力輸送其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單，因?yàn)閷?shí)際上它只有兩個(gè)類(lèi)別：如果輸送的材料懸浮在整個(gè)管道的空氣中，則該機(jī)制符合稀相輸送的定義，反之，如果以非懸掛模式以低速輸送，則系統(tǒng)屬于密相（濃相）輸送。那么真正選擇起來(lái)有這么容易嘛？??????事實(shí)并非如此簡(jiǎn)單，而且存在很多誤解和錯(cuò)誤選擇的空間。那么設(shè)備需求方如何做出明智的選擇呢？第一步是了解每種氣力輸送方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。 第二步是查看您自己特定的工藝規(guī)范，只有了解了這些您才能選到最適合您的氣力輸送。稀相氣力輸送：

　　1、 The commonly used types of dust pneumatic conveying devices include low-pressure suction type (see Figure 5-34) and low-pressure compression type (see Figure 5-35). Pneumatic conveying is actually very simple because it has only two categories: if the conveyed material is suspended in the air throughout the pipeline, then this mechanism meets the definition of dilute phase conveying; conversely, if it is conveyed at low speed in non suspended mode, then the system belongs to dense phase (dense phase) conveying. So is it really that easy to choose? The fact is not that simple, and there is a lot of room for misunderstanding and wrong choices. So how do device demanders make wise choices? The first step is to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each pneumatic conveying method. The second step is to review your specific process specifications, only by understanding these can you choose the most suitable pneumatic conveying for you. Dilute phase pneumatic conveying:

　　稀相氣力輸送工藝流程較簡(jiǎn)潔沒(méi)有過(guò)多的開(kāi)啟閥門(mén)，易損件很少，從電廠收塵器灰斗處接出落料管，接口處設(shè)蝶閥控制(起到關(guān)閉檢修作用)，落料管下方可建一座集料倉(cāng)，以確保稀相輸送泵內(nèi)腔有一定的壓力，倉(cāng)下接輸送泵，氣流通過(guò)羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)鼓入輸送泵主風(fēng)管再經(jīng)噴嘴高速進(jìn)入擴(kuò)散混合室，泵體內(nèi)流化的物料在物料的料壓和噴嘴的負(fù)壓共同作用下進(jìn)入擴(kuò)散混合室與氣流混合，被氣流攜帶沿管道輸送至灰?guī)?，倉(cāng)頂設(shè)收塵器。

　　The process flow of dilute phase pneumatic conveying is relatively simple without excessive opening of valves, and there are few vulnerable parts. A discharge pipe is connected from the ash hopper of the power plant dust collector, and a butterfly valve control is installed at the interface (to close and maintain). A collection bin can be built below the discharge pipe to ensure a certain pressure in the chamber of the dilute phase conveying pump. The bin is connected to the conveying pump, and the airflow is blown into the main air duct of the conveying pump through a Roots blower and then enters the diffusion mixing chamber at high speed through the nozzle. The fluidized material in the pump enters the diffusion mixing chamber and mixes with the airflow under the joint action of the material pressure and negative pressure of the nozzle, and is carried by the airflow along the pipeline to the ash silo. A dust collector is installed on the top of the bin. ????

　　稀相氣力輸送設(shè)備當(dāng)輸送氣流速度較高，灰氣比較低時(shí)，粉?；旧弦越咏诰鶆蚍植嫉臓顟B(tài)在輸送管氣流中懸浮輸送，對(duì)管道磨損小，在中短距離氣力輸送項(xiàng)目中使用稀相輸送更加經(jīng)濟(jì)。在10-30米短距離小輸送量氣力輸送項(xiàng)目中，可使用旋轉(zhuǎn)給料機(jī)接溜管擴(kuò)壓管輸送，麥克曼氣力輸送建議稀相氣力輸送一步到位，使用帶有氣化物料，能使物料和氣流混合，帶有噴嘴和擴(kuò)壓管的稀相氣力輸送泵，達(dá)到使用壽命長(zhǎng)、動(dòng)能轉(zhuǎn)換為壓力輸送不堵管運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)可靠，無(wú)揚(yáng)塵、符合環(huán)保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的效果。

　　When the conveying airflow velocity is high and the ash gas ratio is low, the powder particles are basically suspended and transported in a nearly uniform distribution state in the conveying pipe airflow, with less wear on the pipeline. It is more economical to use dilute phase conveying in medium and short distance pneumatic conveying projects. In the 10-30 meter short distance small conveying capacity pneumatic conveying project, a rotary feeder can be used to connect the chute and expand the pressure pipe for conveying. Meckman pneumatic conveying recommends a one-step dilute phase pneumatic conveying, using a dilute phase pneumatic conveying pump with gasification material, which can mix the material with the airflow, and equipped with a nozzle and expansion pipe. This achieves long service life, reliable operation without blocking the pipe when converting kinetic energy into pressure conveying, no dust, and meets environmental standards. ?????

　　稀相氣力輸送系統(tǒng)整體配置簡(jiǎn)約，主要設(shè)備有氣源羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)、低壓輸送泵、庫(kù)頂布袋除塵器，庫(kù)頂除塵器處理風(fēng)量相比濃相輸送終端除塵器要大的多，因稀相輸送用氣量較大，稀相氣力輸送泵自身不需動(dòng)力，輸送壓力低(0.02-0.O9MPa)，靠物料自身壓力加上氣流的噴吹輸送，實(shí)現(xiàn)不間斷連續(xù)輸送，系統(tǒng)輸送量能自動(dòng)平衡出力。稀相氣力輸送泵一般體積小，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，后期幾乎沒(méi)有什么維修量和磨損件，土建投資費(fèi)用低，輸送管線布置簡(jiǎn)捷、易安裝，輸送氣源選擇范圍大，可選用羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)、壓縮空氣、風(fēng)機(jī)等。

　　The overall configuration of the dilute phase pneumatic conveying system is simple, with the main equipment including a gas source Roots blower, a low-pressure conveying pump, and a bag filter on the top of the warehouse. The dust collector on the top of the warehouse has a much larger processing air volume compared to the terminal dust collector for dense phase conveying. Due to the large gas consumption of dilute phase conveying, the dilute phase pneumatic conveying pump does not require power and has a low conveying pressure (0.02-0.09MPa). It relies on the material's own pressure and the blowing of air flow to achieve uninterrupted continuous conveying, and the system's conveying capacity can automatically balance the output. Dilute phase pneumatic conveying pumps generally have small volume, simple structure, and almost no maintenance or wear parts in the later stage. The civil engineering investment cost is low, and the conveying pipeline layout is simple and easy to install. The selection range of conveying gas sources is wide, and Roots blowers, compressed air, fans, etc. can be used. ?

　　稀相氣力輸送系統(tǒng)參數(shù)范圍：?輸送能力：0-30t/h?風(fēng)量：3-150m3/min?壓力：0.02-0.9MPa?電機(jī)功率：3-350kW?輸送距離：20-300m

　　Parameters range of dilute phase pneumatic conveying system: conveying capacity: 0-30t/h, air volume: 3-150m3/min, pressure: 0.02-0.9MPa, motor power: 3-350kW, conveying distance: 20-300m

　　*稀相氣力輸送系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn)：?1、設(shè)備投資小，用一臺(tái)稀相輸送泵可替代二臺(tái)倉(cāng)泵，在除塵器落灰斗下部，可以一斗一泵，亦可兩斗兩斜管一泵，落灰斜管的斜度應(yīng)≥45°。

　　*Characteristics of dilute phase pneumatic conveying system: 1. Small equipment investment. One dilute phase conveying pump can replace two bin pumps. At the lower part of the dust collector's ash hopper, there can be one pump per hopper, or two pumps per hopper and two inclined pipes. The slope of the ash chute should be ≥ 45 °. ?

　　2、粉體輸送的用氣壓力為0.04MPa-0.1MPa，降低了供氣壓力，大風(fēng)量，不存在堵管現(xiàn)象。

　　2. The gas pressure for powder transportation is 0.04MPa-0.1MPa, which reduces the gas supply pressure, increases the air volume, and eliminates pipe blockage. ?

　　3、降低了維修費(fèi)用，稀相氣力輸送系統(tǒng)一次安裝調(diào)試投運(yùn)后，基本不用操作，幾乎沒(méi)有維護(hù)量，檢修工只須定期檢查即可。

　　3. Reduced maintenance costs, the dilute phase pneumatic conveying system can be installed, debugged, and put into operation in one go without much operation or maintenance. Maintenance workers only need to conduct regular inspections. ?

　　4、稀相氣力輸送系統(tǒng)控制只需“啟動(dòng)”和“停機(jī)”操作，不需要人工值守，只需巡視，工藝系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單，所配置的控制系統(tǒng)操作維護(hù)簡(jiǎn)單可靠。密相（濃相）氣力輸送：????正壓濃相氣力輸送系統(tǒng)在國(guó)內(nèi)燃煤電廠輸灰引入較早使用較多，其輸送壓力可達(dá)0.8MPa，輸送距離達(dá)1km以上，系統(tǒng)出力多在10-60t/h范圍，大輸送量可達(dá)200t/h，正壓濃相氣力輸送系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化程度高，微機(jī)控制，操作簡(jiǎn)單，反應(yīng)靈敏，處理功能齊全，兼有遠(yuǎn)程操作及手動(dòng)操作功能。對(duì)于中短距離氣力輸灰而言，濃相氣力輸送運(yùn)行維護(hù)成本費(fèi)用高，一個(gè)進(jìn)料閥價(jià)格幾乎能換一臺(tái)稀相輸送泵，對(duì)于低于300米的輸送距離不建議使用濃相輸送系統(tǒng)。

　　4. The control of the dilute phase pneumatic conveying system only requires "start" and "stop" operations, without the need for manual supervision, only inspection. The process system is simple, and the configured control system is easy to operate and maintain reliably. Dense phase (dense phase) pneumatic conveying: The positive pressure dense phase pneumatic conveying system was introduced early and widely used in coal-fired power plants in China. Its conveying pressure can reach 0.8 MPa, conveying distance can reach more than 1 km, system output is mostly in the range of 10-60 t/h, and the large conveying capacity can reach 200 t/h. The positive pressure dense phase pneumatic conveying system has a high degree of automation, microcomputer control, simple operation, sensitive response, complete processing functions, and both remote and manual operation functions. For medium to short distance pneumatic ash conveying, the operation and maintenance costs of dense phase pneumatic conveying are high, and the price of one feed valve can almost replace one dilute phase conveying pump. For conveying distances below 300 meters, it is not recommended to use dense phase conveying systems. ?

　　濃相氣力輸送的過(guò)程進(jìn)料閥、排氣閥、進(jìn)氣閥、出料閥要相互作用配合，對(duì)閥門(mén)磨損比較大。系統(tǒng)處于進(jìn)料狀態(tài)，這時(shí)進(jìn)料閥、排氣閥打開(kāi)，進(jìn)氣閥、出料閥關(guān)閉，物料在重力作用下落入密相泵內(nèi);當(dāng)1個(gè)或多個(gè)泵內(nèi)料位計(jì)被覆蓋，或達(dá)到設(shè)定落料時(shí)間時(shí)，進(jìn)料閥、排氣閥關(guān)閉;在進(jìn)料閥、排氣閥關(guān)閉并且充氣密封結(jié)束后，進(jìn)氣閥、出料閥打開(kāi)，物料進(jìn)入管道開(kāi)始輸送。

　　The process of dense phase pneumatic conveying requires the interaction and coordination of the feed valve, exhaust valve, intake valve, and discharge valve, which can cause significant valve wear. The system is in the feeding state, at which point the feeding valve and exhaust valve are open, the inlet valve and discharge valve are closed, and the material falls into the dense phase pump under the action of gravity; When one or more level gauges in the pump are covered or the set discharge time is reached, the feed valve and exhaust valve are closed; After the inlet valve and exhaust valve are closed and the inflation seal is completed, the inlet valve and outlet valve are opened, and the material enters the pipeline for transportation. ?

　　濃相氣力輸送設(shè)備是通過(guò)下引式發(fā)送器的動(dòng)力源為壓縮空氣，輸送物料為粉粒狀物料，輸送風(fēng)量和風(fēng)壓可根據(jù)運(yùn)行工況進(jìn)行調(diào)整。

　　The dense phase pneumatic conveying equipment uses compressed air as the power source through a down type transmitter to transport granular materials. The conveying air volume and pressure can be adjusted according to the operating conditions. ?

　　濃相氣力輸送優(yōu)點(diǎn)：

　　Advantages of dense phase pneumatic conveying:

　　1、單管出力大，輸送灰氣比高輸灰管長(zhǎng)度在200米內(nèi)可達(dá)40-50以上，空氣消耗量為正壓稀相系統(tǒng)的1/3，輸送量大壓力大對(duì)管道磨損也較大。

　　1. Single tube output is high, with a high ash to gas ratio. The length of the ash conveying pipe can reach 40-50 or more within 200 meters, and the air consumption is one-third of that of a positive pressure dilute phase system. The high conveying capacity and pressure also cause significant pipeline wear. ?

　　2、輸送管道少，由于系統(tǒng)實(shí)行串連輸送，幾個(gè)發(fā)送器作為1個(gè)輸送單元，合用1根輸送管道，支管數(shù)量少。

　　2. There are few conveying pipelines. Due to the system's implementation of serial conveying, several transmitters are used as one conveying unit and share one conveying pipeline, resulting in fewer branch pipes. ?

　　3、由于采用栓流式輸送，其輸送混合比高，耗氣量少，能耗低。

　　3. Due to the use of plug flow conveying, the conveying mixing ratio is high, the air consumption is low, and the energy consumption is low. ?

　　4、系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化程度高，微機(jī)控制，運(yùn)行狀況動(dòng)態(tài)顯示、故障報(bào)警，反應(yīng)靈敏，處理功能齊全，設(shè)有遠(yuǎn)操及手動(dòng)功能，操作管理靈活方便、可靠。?隨著我國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施和環(huán)境保護(hù)、粉煤灰綜合利用的發(fā)展，火力發(fā)電廠氣力除灰技術(shù)得到迅速發(fā)展和應(yīng)用。國(guó)內(nèi)投產(chǎn)的氣力除灰系統(tǒng)有：正壓氣力除灰系統(tǒng)、低正壓氣力除灰系統(tǒng)、空氣輸送槽等。現(xiàn)階段運(yùn)行的電廠大多使用以倉(cāng)泵為代表的濃相型氣力輸送系統(tǒng)，輸灰系統(tǒng)設(shè)備包括倉(cāng)泵、進(jìn)料閥、排氣閥、出料閥等，另包括復(fù)雜的PLC控制系統(tǒng)，運(yùn)行工藝流程復(fù)雜費(fèi)用高，現(xiàn)大多已逐步改造為稀相氣力輸送。

　　4. The system has a high degree of automation, microcomputer control, dynamic display of operating status, fault alarm, sensitive response, complete processing functions, and is equipped with remote and manual functions. The operation and management are flexible, convenient, and reliable. With the implementation of China's sustainable development strategy and the development of environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of fly ash, the pneumatic ash removal technology for thermal power plants has been rapidly developed and applied. The domestically produced pneumatic ash removal systems include: positive pressure pneumatic ash removal system, low positive pressure pneumatic ash removal system, air conveying tank, etc. At present, most power plants in operation use dense phase pneumatic conveying systems represented by bin pumps. The ash conveying system equipment includes bin pumps, feed valves, exhaust valves, discharge valves, etc., as well as complex PLC control systems. The operating process is complex and costly, and most of them have gradually been transformed into dilute phase pneumatic conveying. ?

　　濃相型氣力輸送系統(tǒng)存在的主要問(wèn)題

　　The main problems of dense phase pneumatic conveying system

　　1、空壓機(jī)保養(yǎng)與運(yùn)行成本費(fèi)用高。以一臺(tái)110kW空壓機(jī)運(yùn)行為例，年保養(yǎng)與運(yùn)行費(fèi)用可達(dá)到45萬(wàn)元，同時(shí)壓縮空氣易帶水、帶油，影響輸送效果。

　　1. The maintenance and operation costs of air compressors are high. Taking the operation of a 110kW air compressor as an example, the annual maintenance and operating costs can reach 450000 yuan. At the same time, compressed air is prone to carrying water and oil, which affects the conveying effect.

　　2、出料閥、進(jìn)料閥、排氣閥等部件故障率高，易出現(xiàn)閥芯磨損或關(guān)閉不嚴(yán)密現(xiàn)象。

　　2. The failure rate of components such as discharge valves, feed valves, and exhaust valves is high, and it is easy to experience valve core wear or loose closure.

　　3、倉(cāng)泵采用料位及時(shí)間自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行物料的輸送控制，控制臺(tái)接線復(fù)雜，輸灰系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障需涉及電氣、熱工、除灰檢修三大部門(mén)多個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)人員到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)查找原因排除故障。

　　3. The warehouse pump adopts a material level and time automatic control system for material conveying control. The console wiring is complex, and if there is a malfunction in the ash conveying system, multiple professionals from the electrical, thermal, and ash removal maintenance departments need to go to the site to find the cause and eliminate the fault.

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